Phosphoric Acid

Phosphoric Acid and wet process
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric (V) acid) is a mineral inorganic acid. Orthophosphoric acid refers to phosphoric acid in which the prefix ortho is used to distinguish the acid from related phosphoric acids, called polyphosphoric acids. Orthophosphoric acid, when pure, is a solid at room temperature and pressure. The most common source of phosphoric acid is an 85% aqueous solution that is colorless and nonvolatile but is sufficiently acidic to be corrosive. Because of the high percentage of phosphoric acid in this reagent, at least some of the orthophosphoric acid is condensed into polyphosphoric acids. For the sake of labeling and simplicity, the 85% represents the acid as if it was all orthophosphoric acid. Dilute aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid exist in the orthoform. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) can be manufactured using either a thermal or a wet process. However, the majority of phosphoric acid is produced using the wet-process method. Wet-process phosphoric acid is used for fertilizer production. Thermal process phosphoric acid is commonly used in the manufacture of high-grade chemicals, which require a much higher purity. The production of wet-process phosphoric acid generates a considerable quantity of acidic cooling water with high concentrations of phosphorus and fluoride. This excess water is collected in cooling ponds that are used to temporarily store excess precipitation for subsequent evaporation and to allow recirculation of the process water to the plant for reuse.

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